"Empire" New collection

Summer: Napoleon’s influence over Europe
Bonaparte, made a Consul for life in 1802, reformed the country and its administration. He placed a prefect at the head of each department, reorganized the justice system, created an Imperial university and put the state in charge of public education. He founded the Bank of France in 1803 and created a new franc, the “Germinal franc”.
Bonaparte also drew up the Civil Code of 1804 (equality before the law, abolition of privileges, etc.). In the same year, he became Emperor of the French under the name Napoleon I.

Through a renewal in etiquette and the reproduction of Imperial symbols from Antiquity (fasces, bees, laurels, the eagle, etc.), Napoleon supervised the stage-crafting of his image. After his coronation, a new protocol adapted the etiquette which prevailed at Versailles before the Revolution. Art was used to promote power and the great artists (David, Gros, Girodet, etc.) worked primarily on disseminating martial values, and then Imperial glory. Neoclassical portraiture would find its most accomplished expression in the work of Jacques-Louis David, the Empire’s first official painter.

After the restructuring of the country carried out under the Consulate, the victories of Austerlitz (1805), Iéna (1806), Friedland (1807) and Wagram (1809) ensured France’s domination of Europe and the construction of an immense Empire. In 1810, this Imperial France numbered 130 departments.

After divorcing Josephine de Beauharnais, who could not provide him with an heir, in 1810 Napoleon I married Marie-Louise of Austria, daughter of the Emperor Francis I of Austria and niece of Marie-Antoinette.
In the year this marriage took place, the Empire was at its height.

The Empire style which developed in France in this period was part of the Neoclassical trend in Europe, which began in around 1760-1770. The architects Percier and Fontaine influenced architecture and decorative arts. Palmettes, finials, roses, Arabesques and Classical bestiary (eagles, swans, lions, griffons, sphinx, etc.) were used ubiquitously in Neoclassical, “return from Egypt”, and finally “Empire”, decoration. In furniture, dark, exotic and precious woods (notably mahogany) were combined with gilded bronze.
Dominique Vivant Denon, then director of the new “museum” (ancestor of the Louvre Museum), exercised a decisive influence on the development of decorative arts, and more particularly the creations of the factory in Sèvres.

Autumn: The misfortunes of war
In 1812 and 1813, Napoleon I suffered numerous devastating defeats, in Spain against the Duke of Wellington and in Russia where the famous Battle of Berezina marked the failure of the Russian campaign and heralded the “retreat”. The myth of invincibility crumbled, soldiers died in their thousands and France lost its taste for war.

Winter: The exile
The Senate announced the deposition of Napoleon I in 1814. Louis XVIII, brother of Louis XVI then ascended to the throne, thereby beginning the period of “restoration”. Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba, off the coast of Italy.

On 1st March 1815, he landed at Golfe-Juan, made his way to Paris and reclaimed power. But following his defeat at Waterloo on 18th June, 1815, against the English, he was deported to the island of Saint Helena, in the middle of the South Atlantic, where he died in 1821 without ever seeing France again.