Written in French. From the beginning of the Second World War, René Magritte (1898-1967), struck by the similarity between the European climate under the Nazi yoke and that expressed by Surrealism, took stock of his work and reconsidered the founding values of the Surrealist movement. For him, opposing joy and the promise of happiness to the despair of the Nazis is the only way to "transform the world", to quote André Breton. Impressionism, which celebrates the joy of life, inspires him. From Auguste Renoir, he borrowed his iconography and technique, opening the chapter of a new